TY  - JOUR
T1  - Precision Dosing Should Combine Genotype with Dynamic Phenotypes Rather Than Treat DNA as a Complete Prescription
A1  - Santiago Morales
A1  - Laura Rojas
A1  - Camila Vega
A1  - Diego Molina
JF  - International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences
JO  - Int J Pharm Res Allied Sci
SN  - 2277-3657
Y1  - 2025
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
DO  - 10.51847/t06ld3w7iK
SP  - 124
EP  - 135
N2  - Pharmacogenomics can identify inherited differences in drug metabolism, transport, targets, and toxicity risk, but genotype is a stable biological descriptor rather than a complete representation of the patient’s current pharmacological state. A DNA result does not directly observe phenoconversion, inflammatory suppression of drug-metabolizing pathways, organ dysfunction, interacting medicines, medication-taking behavior, or the exposure actually achieved during therapy. This Perspective argues that precision dosing should preserve validated genotype information while repeatedly reconciling it with dynamic phenotype and exposure information. Evidence from pharmacogenomic guidelines, genotype–phenotype concordance studies, phenoconversion research, inflammatory pharmacology, drug–drug–gene interaction modeling, adherence science, and therapeutic drug monitoring supports the component distinctions, but not a universal integrated dosing algorithm. We therefore treat genotype as a durable prior, dynamic phenotype as a state-dependent modifier, and measured exposure as feedback that can confirm or challenge earlier expectations. The resulting approach is intentionally conditional: the value and weighting of each information layer depend on the drug, pathway, therapeutic index, treatment phase, assay, population, and clinical question. Precision dosing is consequently better framed as longitudinal evidence reconciliation than as a one-time translation from DNA to dose.
UR  - https://ijpras.com/article/precision-dosing-should-combine-genotype-with-dynamic-phenotypes-rather-than-treat-dna-as-a-complete-jwhbhgbpbjssanu
ER  -