Literature Review on Prevalence, Risk Factors and, Evaluation of Acute Lower Back Pain
Abstract
Background: Acute back pain is any pain located at the back that lasts for less than 4 weeks duration. The prevalence is fair with as many as 84% of the adult population around the globe experience back pain at some point in life and is often self-limiting. However, in few selected patients it may serve as indicator of a serious underlying disease making it crucial to properly evaluate, characterize and address this concern. Objectives: In this review we intend to explore the prevalence, risk factors and highlight the available methods using diagnostic imaging modalities to evaluate and address this condition. Materials and Methods: A review of relevant articles published from 1987 onwards in English language was done using the electronic databases of PubMed Pico and, Google Scholar with preset keywords. Conclusion: Acute back pain prevalence range between 22 to 48 percent and risk factors are non-modifiable such as advanced age and female gender while modifiable risk factors are obesity, smoking, low education, sedentary lifestyle, etc. Employment related factors such as physically strenuous work also increase the risk of developing back pain. Notably, under-appreciated risk factors including psychological risk factors such as anxiety should be screened for while evaluating patients. Evaluation of back pain mostly relies on comprehensive history and physical examination, as most cases are self-limited. Diagnostic imaging is only recommended in cases presenting with red flag symptoms.
