Evaluation of Phytochemical Components, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Coptis teeta Walls

In the present study, Coptis teeta Walls plant extract is subjected to evaluate the presence of phytochemicals, phenol, flavonoid, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities against human pathogenic bacteria. The qualitative analysis of plant extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponin, phenols, flavonoids, tannin, terpenoids, cardiac glycoside, coumarin, starch, quinone, phlobatannins, and steroids. Total phenolics content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were found to be highest in acetone extract with 100.24±0.00 mgGAE/g and 269.13±0.05 mgQE/g respectively. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was observed in acetone extract and lowest in n-hexane extract IC₅₀ at 7.37 µg/ml and IC_{50 at} 76.11 µg/ml respectively. Whereas in the ABTS assay IC₅₀ was highest for both water extract 1.41 µg/ml and acetone extract 1.91 µg/ml which was lower than that of the ascorbic acid with IC₅₀ 2.73 µg/ml. In the FRAP assay, the highest antioxidant activities were observed in methanol extract at 113.93 µM Fe(II)/g followed by acetone extract with 98.81 µM Fe(II)/g. The Antibacterial activity was evaluated using disk diffusion, well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (mic), and minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) against human pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that ZOI for water, methanol and chloroform fraction at disk diffusion and well diffusion was highest at the concentration of 1.6mg/ml. and lowest at 400µg/ml. For all the extracts the MIC and MBC values was ranging from 0.625µg/ml – 5mg/ml and 1.25 mg/ml – 5mg/ml respectively, for all the tested pathogens.