Saleh Abdullah Alawad , Adel Shabib S Al Otaibi , Yousef Omar Al Harthi , SAUD Fahad Bin Abdulwahed , Saad Mohammed Altuwalah , Abdulkarim Ahmed Alqarni , Essa Yousef Alabdrabalridha , Khalid Adel Al Harshan , Jenan Yasir Alali , Khadija Mohammed Abdulrahman Aamoudi

Abstract

Graphene/organic nanoparticles are allotropes of carbon used for the formation of anti-bacterial surfaces as well as for the diagnosis and detection of disease. The most abundant natural biopolymer that can be chemically modified is Chitosan, based on the principle of cell membrane disruption by electrostatic interaction. Chitosan has shown excellent antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. Non-organic nanoparticles are used to fill the apical third of the root canal because of their naturally high viscosity, among other advantages. Metal nanoparticles are widely used as dental fillers in multiple restorative materials, and also as a polishing agent because of their excellent biocompatibility and large surface area with low toxicity and density. Zirconia-based NPs are the NPs of choice. The Medline, Pubmed, Embase, NCBI, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies on the applied use of nanoparticles in endodontics and general dentistry. The focus was awarded to those studies which reported data on the type of nanoparticle and its application. Nanomaterials (NMs) have superior physical, mechanical, chemical, and biological properties and have been gaining importance in technological advancements. Further clinical studies are more than welcome, as they will allow authentication of the therapeutic value of nanotechnology-based materials.