Written by Amelanh Sica Diakité
Published on Issue 4 Vol 13, 2024
The present study aimed to design and synthesize functionalized 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazines, potential inhibitors involved in immune and inflammatory responses. A two-step synthesis method, initially using a microwave reactor for the preparation of reaction intermediates, allowed us to synthesize eleven 6-aryl-2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazines 5a-k. The intermediates were biguanide derivatives 3 a-f which were synthesized under microwave irradiation for 10 min at 130 °C . The 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazin
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Written by Wiktoria Suchy
Published on Issue 4 Vol 13, 2024
Research conducted in recent years has significantly transformed our understanding of the role of the vascular endothelium in maintaining the overall homeostasis of the body. It has been revealed that the endothelium is responsible for synthesizing a wide range of biologically active substances that play a key role in numerous processes both in health and disease - such as hemodynamics, hemostasis, immunological responses, and regenerative processes. This extensive endocrine activity has led to
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Written by Cheickna Cissé
Published on Issue 4 Vol 13, 2024
The objective of this study was to document the plants used in traditional cough treatment for children and to conduct a phytochemical study of the two most used plants. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted among traditional sellers in the markets of Bamako. A phytochemical screening based on classic color reaction and tube precipitation methods was performed. Aluminum trichloride was used to quantify flavonoids, whereas the Folin-Ciocalteu method was utilized to quantify total polyphenols. Th
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Written by Ilie Lastovetskyi
Published on Issue 4 Vol 13, 2024
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms such as tremor and rigidity, along with non-motor symptoms such as cognitive decline and depression. Current dopaminergic therapies offer symptomatic relief but fail to halt disease progression, underscoring the urgent need for novel, disease-modifying therapies . This review explores the potential of repurposed drugs from different therapeutic categories—including immunomodulatory, cardiomet
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Written by Manoj Kumar Behera
Published on Issue 4 Vol 13, 2024
Hypothyroidism is a clinical Syndrome resulting from a deficiency of thyroid hormones, which leads to generalized slowing down of metabolic processes. In infants and children results in marked slowing of growth &development with mental retardation. Whereas in adults leading to slowed heart rate, diminished oxygen consumption & deposition of glycosaminoglycans in intracellular spaces particularly in skin & muscles, female is more prone to suffer from this disorder. The risk is multiplied with inc
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Written by Carina Bona
Published on Issue 4 Vol 13, 2024
This study aimed to assess the risk of hyperlactatemia (LA) in patients who received atorvastatin (ATV) treatment. For this, an observational and retrospective study using a case-crossover study design. The participants who received atorvastatin (10 - 80 mg) were included in the sample. The main variable in the study was the total number of treatment days for all the medications administered to each patient (PD). All PDs with lactate>4mmol/L were cases, while all PDs with lactate≤4mmol/L were co
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Written by Omar Zayed
Published on Issue 4 Vol 13, 2024
Chinese hamster ovary cell-line engineering is often judged through productivity-centered endpoints because titer is easy to rank, economically visible, and strongly coupled to development timelines. Yet a high-producing clone is not necessarily the clone whose product attributes remain fit for purpose as genetic state, culture age, metabolic load, media composition, or bioreactor conditions change. This Perspective argues that cell-line evaluation should therefore shift from yield maximization
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Written by Wei Zhang
Published on Issue 4 Vol 13, 2024
Therapeutic proteins are commonly interpreted through primary sequence, higher-order structure, and dose, yet glycosylation can change function while leaving the encoded amino-acid sequence intact. This perspective argues that glycan state should be treated as a configurable functional layer whose meaning is conditional on biosynthetic context, molecular topology, receptor mechanism, product heterogeneity, and manufacturing history. Evidence from therapeutic antibodies, Fc-containing proteins, a
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Written by Rafael Mendoza
Published on Issue 4 Vol 13, 2024
Exposure–response analysis is often interpreted as though exposure, pharmacodynamic responsiveness, and disease state were stable coordinates. That assumption becomes fragile when drug exposure changes during treatment, effects lag behind plasma concentrations, responsiveness adapts, disease progresses, or treatment alters the processes that determine subsequent pharmacokinetics and outcome. This Perspective argues that the clinically relevant exposure–response relationship is therefore conditio
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Written by Wouter De Smet
Published on Issue 4 Vol 13, 2024
Model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) is increasingly used to translate population pharmacokinetic, physiologically based pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, biomarker, and therapeutic drug-monitoring information into patient-specific dose decisions. Its value is particularly compelling in patients whose physiology departs from that represented by conventional dosing studies, yet “special population” is an imprecise dosing construct. Childhood, ageing, pregnancy, renal or hepatic dysfunction, obe
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