Lama H. Ayoub , Hawazin H. Algubsani , Hassan A. H. Alsaihati , Nojoud F. Alnahdi , Naqa A. Sulis , Atheer S. Alsaadi , Tahani N. Khalofi , Somaya A. A. Khammash , Saud F. Aljuraysi , Hanadi N. Abu Jabr , Hend A. Alshumiesy

Abstract

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a systemic autoimmune disease of childhood mainly, but can also be seen in adolescence and adults. It is considered the most common vasculitis in the pediatric group. Recently, it has been termed IgA vasculitis due to the presence of immunoglobulin A in these patients. Eventually, patients develop a generalized vasculopathy in multiple areas, including skin, and other systems such as the gastrointestinal, urinary, and pulmonary systems can be affected. Rarely, more severe involvement of the central nervous system and lungs can happen. We aimed to review the literature reviewing the pathophysiology of Henoch-Schönlein purpura, along with its clinical features, diagnosis, and management. PubMed database was used for article selection. Papers were selected, obtained, and reviewed based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Henoch Schonlein Purpura is the most common vasculitis in the pediatric population, which reflects the heavy burden it causes on the health care system and the patients themselves. As a result, pediatricians must have a complete understanding of this disease to approach this disease properly. Managing this disease, focuses on supportive care and subsiding the inflammatory status with corticosteroid in some cases. Early diagnosis and treatment are pivotal to avoid possible complications and the need for surgery in some severe presentations.