Shahad Alzahrani , Waad Alharbi , Huda Khawaji , Sahar Elashmony , Yosra Alhindi

Abstract

The regulation of energy production characterizes mitochondrial respiration. A major cycle conquers inside the mitochondria, which regulates this process. This cycle is called the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Citrate synthase is an essential marker of mitochondria. Moreover, it works as a key enzyme in many processes inside the mitochondria. It utilizes the acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate that participate in energy production inside the mitochondria. Mitochondria known as the powerhouse of the cell. However, their function is extending beyond the energy production. They are very well known for cellular, enzymatic and metabolism pathway. Moreover, mitochondria play a vital role in the function of skeletal muscle and metabolism. Insulin resistance is somehow considered related to an imbalance in mitochondria oxidative capacity. The coordination between citrate synthase and mitochondria has been studies in many labs and research were done but still the exact mechanisms is still unclear. This mini-review elucidates the vital information about mitochondria, citrate synthase, and their relation to obesity and insulin resistance.