Shroug Farrash , Lujain Aleisa , Nardeen Alhazmi , Nouf Almatrafi , Taef Alharbi , Shahad Kelantan , Lina Alotaibi , Wed Hunaydi , Sara Alnimari , Noor Alqarni , Einaf Babtain , Hanadi Bazuhair , Yosra Alhindi

Abstract

Obesity and diabetes, one of the most common diseases can cause a several complications. In diabetic patient with type 2 we mainly use an oral medication with varies mechanism of action such as: GLP-1 medication. To look at semaglutide's (a new glucagon-like peptide receptor agonist; GLP-1 RA) effectiveness in treating individuals with diabetes and obesity. We followed the guidelines of the PRISMA checklist for conducting this study. On 23rd October 2022, we run a systematic search ““semaglutide”, “GLP1”, ''diabetes type 2'', ''obese'' and ''HBA1C''” in five databases named: Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, Virtual Health Library and Web of Science. We included 18 papers. Subcutaneous semaglutide was used in ten placebo-controlled and seven active-controlled trials, including nine hundred fifty-five participants. We were only able to locate one oral semaglutide experiment. When compared to a placebo, subcutaneous semaglutide 0.5 and 1 mg reduced HbA1c by 1.01% (95% CI 0.56 to 1.47, I2=93%) and 1.38% (1.05 to 1.70, I2=90%), respectively. The glycemic effectiveness of both dosages was superior to that of other antidiabetic drugs such as insulin glargine, liraglutide, dulaglutide, sitagliptin, and exenatide.

Systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, and body weight are all significantly reduced by semaglutide, a potent once-weekly GLP-1 RA. Nonetheless, there is a higher likelihood of gastrointestinal side effects with it. Results regarding pancreatitis and retinopathy should be evaluated in further post-approval pharmacovigilance studies and interpreted cautiously.